The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible.
IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I won the lottery I would buy a car.
Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.
Here are some more examples:
If I married Mary I would be happy.
If Ram became rich she would marry him.
If it snowed next July would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July what would you do?
I would be happy if I married Mary.
She would marry Ram if he became rich.
Would you be surprised if it snowed next July?
What would you do if it snowed next July?
Sometimes, we use should, could or might instead of would, for example: If I won a million dollars, I could stop working.
Exercise 1 http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/2cond1.htm
Exercise 2 http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/2cond1.htm
Exercise 3 http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/secondconditional/exercise1.swf
Exercise 4 http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/secondconditional/exercise2.swf
June 3, 2010
First Conditionals Practice
First Conditional
View more presentations from nogueherre.
Exercise 1 http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/firstconditional/exercise1.html
Exercise 2 http://www.better-english.com/grammar/firstconditional1.htm
Exercise 3 http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/g-grammar-firstconditional1.html
Exercise 4 http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.con1.1.i.htm
May 17, 2010
Passive voice
Exercise 1
Listening and revising grammar http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/92_gramchallenge12/index.shtml
Exercise 2
Matching http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/92_gramchallenge12/page2.shtml
Exercise 3
Multiple choice http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/46.html
Exercise 4
Gap filling http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?text01
Exercise 5
Gap filling http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_gaps.htm
Exercise 6
Read and identify http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/passiveart.html
Listening and revising grammar http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/92_gramchallenge12/index.shtml
Exercise 2
Matching http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/92_gramchallenge12/page2.shtml
Exercise 3
Multiple choice http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/46.html
Exercise 4
Gap filling http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?text01
Exercise 5
Gap filling http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_gaps.htm
Exercise 6
Read and identify http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/passiveart.html
May 3, 2010
April 28, 2010
SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE TRIVIA
When was the film released in Spain?
What's the name of the director and of the codirector of the film?
Is Slumdog Millionaire based on a book?
Is this a Bollywood film?
Who were the people who killed Jamal's mother?
What's the name of the programme "who wants to be a millionaire?" in India?
What is the exchange rate for 20,000,000 Rupees?
What is a chaiwala?
How many Oscars did the film win? What for?
What languages appear in the film?
Which posters appear at the police station where Jamal is arrested?
Which is one of the most popular sports in India?
What are the quetions that Jamals answers on the game show?
What does "Jai Ho" mean?
Who composed this song?
April 23, 2010
QUESTION TAGS
Question tags |  |  |
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Question tags - use
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A question tag is used at the end of a statement to ask someone to agree with us, or to keep a conversation going, or to ask a genuine, real question: It was lovely seeing those buildings, wasn't it? Since both Helen and Michal went on the date together and saw the same things, these are examples of question tags to ask for someone's agreement or to keep a conversation going. |
| |
Question tags - form
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A question tag is made up of a statement and a tag. If the statement is positive, the tag is negative: |
Question tags - intonation
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| The meaning of a question tag changes if your voice goes up or down when you say it. |
Vocabulary:
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| hunk (adj, to describe a man, informal): handsome, good-looking to look green (idiom): to look ill or sick, or as if you are going to vomit to throw up (verb): to be physically sick, to vomit to fancy (verb, informal): to be romantically or sexually attached to someone |
question tags at BBC
question tags at Using English
question tags test
November 19, 2009
June 13, 2009
May 6, 2009
Reported Speech
Reported Speech: Indirect Speech
For example:
1. Jim said "I like beer".
2. Jim said he liked beer.
Sentence 1 is direct speech, the words in quotes (".....") are the exact words the person said. Sentence 2 is reported speech, this is how you tell somebody about a conversation after it happened.
When reporting speech the tenses of the direct speech usually change:
Said, told and asked are common reporting verbs. We use asked to report questions; I asked him what time the train left. Told is used with an object; Fred told Jill he felt tired (Jill is the object). Said is usually used without an object; Sheila said she was going to work. If we use said with an object we must include to; Ian said to Mary that he'd been to London (we usually use told).
Sometimes we include that in reported statements (NOT questions); he told me that he lived in Greenwich: that is optional; he told me he lived in Greenwich has exactly the same meaning.
We use if when reporting questions that have no question word: "Where do you live?" -> she asked me where I lived; "Have you got a car" -> he asked me if I'd got a car.
Sometimes we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting: "How long have you worked here?" -> He asked me how long I'd worked there (if reported in a different place); "I arrived yesterday" -> He said he'd arrived the day before (if reported on a different day).
Exercise 1
For example:
1. Jim said "I like beer".
2. Jim said he liked beer.
Sentence 1 is direct speech, the words in quotes (".....") are the exact words the person said. Sentence 2 is reported speech, this is how you tell somebody about a conversation after it happened.
When reporting speech the tenses of the direct speech usually change:
Said, told and asked are common reporting verbs. We use asked to report questions; I asked him what time the train left. Told is used with an object; Fred told Jill he felt tired (Jill is the object). Said is usually used without an object; Sheila said she was going to work. If we use said with an object we must include to; Ian said to Mary that he'd been to London (we usually use told).
Sometimes we include that in reported statements (NOT questions); he told me that he lived in Greenwich: that is optional; he told me he lived in Greenwich has exactly the same meaning.
We use if when reporting questions that have no question word: "Where do you live?" -> she asked me where I lived; "Have you got a car" -> he asked me if I'd got a car.
Sometimes we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting: "How long have you worked here?" -> He asked me how long I'd worked there (if reported in a different place); "I arrived yesterday" -> He said he'd arrived the day before (if reported on a different day).
Exercise 1
Can, Could, Will be able to
CAN (CAN'T) for present, COULD (COULDN'T) for past and SHALL/WILL (WON'T) BE ABLE TO for future.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
First Conditional
The first conditional is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.
The structure of a first conditional sentence
A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:
if clause main clause
If you study hard, you will pass the test.
If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause if clause
You will pass the test if you study hard.
We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional:
main clause if clause
You will pass the test if you study hard.
Using the first conditional
The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future — things which may happen:
Example Explanation
If it's sunny, we'll go to the park. Maybe it will be sunny — that's possible.
Paula will be sad if Juan leaves. Maybe Juan will leave — that's possible.
If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes. Maybe you will cook the supper — that's possible.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
The structure of a first conditional sentence
A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:
if clause main clause
If you study hard, you will pass the test.
If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
main clause if clause
You will pass the test if you study hard.
We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional:
main clause if clause
You will pass the test if you study hard.
Using the first conditional
The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future — things which may happen:
Example Explanation
If it's sunny, we'll go to the park. Maybe it will be sunny — that's possible.
Paula will be sad if Juan leaves. Maybe Juan will leave — that's possible.
If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes. Maybe you will cook the supper — that's possible.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
April 28, 2009
Relative clauses and Relative Pronouns
Is it the same a relative clause and a relative Pronoun?
No, it's not the same
A relative clause is the subordinate sentence that describes or identifies a noun, and relative pronoun is the word that links two sentences together (one of the two sentences is the relative clause)to make one complex sentence.
For example:
The book is on the table. The book was written by Joyce.
I decide to link these to sentences together and create one complex sentence. It's very easy. I just have to use a relative pronoun.
There are different relative pronouns I can use.
Who: (qui) only used to identify or describe people (never objects!)
Which: (que)used to identify or describe things.
That : (que, el qual, la qual...) used to identify or describe people and things.
Where : (on) uset to identify or describe places.
So, in the example I gave above, the one complex sentence would be:
The book which is on the table was written by Joyce.
The sentence followed by which (which is on the table) is the relative clause.
Exercises to practice with relative clauses and relative pronouns
No, it's not the same
A relative clause is the subordinate sentence that describes or identifies a noun, and relative pronoun is the word that links two sentences together (one of the two sentences is the relative clause)to make one complex sentence.
For example:
The book is on the table. The book was written by Joyce.
I decide to link these to sentences together and create one complex sentence. It's very easy. I just have to use a relative pronoun.
There are different relative pronouns I can use.
Who: (qui) only used to identify or describe people (never objects!)
Which: (que)used to identify or describe things.
That : (que, el qual, la qual...) used to identify or describe people and things.
Where : (on) uset to identify or describe places.
So, in the example I gave above, the one complex sentence would be:
The book which is on the table was written by Joyce.
The sentence followed by which (which is on the table) is the relative clause.
Exercises to practice with relative clauses and relative pronouns
Listening Games
In this link you will find plenty of short listening games. You just have to choose a topic, or picture, and there is a 2-minute listening with questions about it. It's easy, and interesting!
http://www.elllo.org/english/Games.htm
http://www.elllo.org/english/Games.htm
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